7 - Polymers of Life (PL)

-Have amine group and carboxylic acid group on the same carbon -20 naturally occuring -Bifunctional compounds

NH2

Compound with 2 functional groups

Presence of both acidic and basic groups result in the transfer of a H+ ion from the COOH group to the nitrogen of the NH2 group. There is no overall charge

Dipolar ionic form of an amino acid, which is formed by donating a proton from the carboxyl group to the amino group

pH value where the amino acid exists as a zwitterion

-Proton accepted from acid -Forms positive ion in acidic solution

-Proton donated to OH- ion -Forms negative ion in alkaline solution

-Mostly zwitterions -Very soluble in water (effectively ionic) - unless extra functional group, then neutral -Buffer solution -Can exist in 3 different forms, pH dependent

Adding small amounts of acid/alkali causes little change to the pH

-Condensation polymers -Made by joining amino acid monomers with a peptide link -Amine and carboxyl groups react

2 amino acids joined together

Many amino acids joined together

Amino acid sequence in the protein

Regular local sub-structures, due to hydrogen bonding between main-chain peptide

3D structure of a single protein molecule, due to non-specific hydrophobic interactions and held in place by tertiary interactions

3D structure of a multi-subunit protein and how these subunits fit together, held by tertiary interactions

-Salt bridges (ionic) -Hydrogen bonds -Tight packing of side chains -Disulfide bonds (covalent bonds)

Condensation polymer formed from amino acid monomers

When 2 amino acids react in a condensation reaction, a molecule of water is released and a peptide bond is formed

Hydrolysis of a peptide bond requires a water molecule so that the amine and carboxyl groups can be fully reformed

Concentrated acid and heat

Separation of a mixture into its constituent components on filter paper for further analysis

Allows identification by the calculation and comparison of Rf values