Mount Saint Helen

organisms that can produce viable offsprings

all the individuals of a single species interact

all of the populations of living things that interact in a place

a biological community of interacting organisms with their physical environment

climate (seasonality, variability), geology, disturbance (natural/human)

biodiversity, biomass, species interaction, keystone and invasive species

scale, frequency, and and intensity depends on the event (whether it was natural or human as well)

temperature, precipitation, O2, soil, pressure

because of elevation there is a change in biomes (temp/pressure), changes with increasing elevation = those with increasing latitude

“old growth” forest, rich soil with lots of nutrients, temperate rainforest biome, heterogenous forest

south slope used as a “control” (unaffected) to study the north slope

most impact, moonscape, nothing alive, covered in tephra

least impacted, furthest away, some living plant

trees snapped off at ground, large area

volcanic ash, makes reestablishment harder for plants and animals because it had not macro/micronutrients needed for life

lupine

how plants move or migrate away from their parent plants

• wind • animals • fruit • sticky surfaces • humans • ballistic seeds • gravity • rain

larger seeds usually store more nutrients allowing them to withstand more from the environment

food and energy stored as fats and oils in the seed for the “baby” plant to grow

large: big storage for energy, able to grow bigger plant, need less outside nutrients because it cannot move so far, lasts longer before sprouting (germination), can grow quickly to overtop competitors before they need to tap into their own food and water, each seed is individually more likely to survive small: can produce more small seeds cause it takes less energy, longer distance dispersal, has a lower chance of survival (per capita survivorship)

shell of a seed that gives protection from its environment; thicker it is, the more energy expending to make it

there’s a pro and a con for everything as there is no “best” evolutionary trait

animals will reach the pumice plain first but cannot survive/reproduce without plants establishing first