hydrocarbons
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what is a hydrocarbon?
a hydrocarbon is a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
hos many bonds does carbon form?
4
how many bonds does hydrogen form?
1
what is a homolougos series?
a homologous series is a family of compounds with the same general formulas and similar chemical properties
what are the 3 different types of homolougos series?
alkanes,alkenes and cycloalkanes
what is an alkane?
alkanes are a homologus series of hydrocarbons which are obtained from crude oil
what are alkanes mainly used for?
fuels,camping gas,home heating oil and jet fuel oil
how are the carbon atoms joined together in an alkane?
in a chain
what does the -ane in alkane show?
it shows that all of the atoms in the hydrocarbon are joined together by single covalent bonds
what are the 3 different ways of writing a formula for a hydrocarbon ?
full structural fromula,shortened structural formla and the molecular formula
how do you write the full structural formula for a hydrocarbon?
show all of the bonds holding all of the atoms together
how do you write a shortened structural formula?
shows the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon shown
how do you write molecular formula?
write the number of atoms of each element in a molecule
what is the general formula for a alkane?
CnH2n+2
what is a cycloalkane?
Cycloalkanes are another homologous series of hydrocarbons.
how are the carbon atoms arrange in a cycloalkane?
The carbon atoms in a cycloalkane are arranged in a ring instead of a chain
what type of compound are cycloalkanes?
All cycloalkanes are saturated compounds as the carbon atoms are joined together by single covalent bonds only and that is why they end in -ane
what is the first member of the cycloalkane series?
cyclopropane
how many carbon atoms minimum is needed for a cycloalkane and why?
3 as that is what is required to make a ring
what is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
what are unsatruated hydrocarbons?
they are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon to carbon double covalent bond (C=C) in the molecule
how is cataylic cracking done ?
The catalyst is heated strongly for several seconds. The flame is then flicked onto the mineral wool for a few seconds in order to cause the liquid paraffin to evaporate. This heating procedure is then repeated.
what can occur when the bromine solution goes into the tube contsing parrafin and could be dangerous as gthe test tube could shatteer?
suck back
why is cracking important?
it converts long chain alkanes from crude oil into shorter alkanes for which there is a greater demand it produces unsaturated hydrocarbons which are important starting materials in the manufacture of plastics and other chemicals.