Physics (V1)
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Chapter 1: Measurements
What is mass?
mass is both a measure of matter and the property that resists changes in motion
What are the SI units of mass?
Kilograms (Kg) and grams (g).
What are the two main apparatus used to measure mass?
Beam balance and digital balance.
What is the function of a beam balance?
To compare masses.
What precaution should be taken when using a beam balance?
Place it on a horizontal (flat) surface.
What is another name for a digital balance?
Sensitive balance, top-pan balance, or electronic balance.
What are two precautions when using a digital balance?
• Place it on a horizontal surface • Check for zero error.
What is length?
The distance between two points.
What are the SI units of length?
Meters (m), kilometers (Km), centimeters (cm), and millimeters (mm).
What are three common apparatus used to measure length?
Meter ruler, measuring tape, micrometer.
What is a meter ruler used for?
To measure up to 1 meter.
What is a measuring tape used for?
To measure lengths greater than 1 meter.
What is a micrometer used for?
To measure very small lengths (less than 1 cm), such as the thickness of wire or paper.
How do you accurately measure the thickness of a sheet of paper?
• Check the zero reading of a micrometer. • Measure the thickness of 20 sheets of paper. • Divide the thickness recorded by 20. • Repeat and take the average of results. Extra: * Use identical sheets of paper. * Avoid parallax error by looking perpendicularly.
How do you measure the length of a non-curved object?
Use a ruler: End length – Starting length.
How do you measure the length of a curved object?
• Place the object between two wooden blocks or set squares. • Use a ruler: End length – Starting length.
How do you measure the inner diameter of a ring?
Calculate the total length of the ring using a ruler. Subtract the inner thickness of both sides of the ring.
What is time?
The measurement of the duration of an event.
What are the SI units of time?
Seconds (s), minutes (min), hours (h) (convert all to seconds).
What are two apparatus used to measure time?
Stopwatch and clock.
How do you measure the period of a pendulum?
• Use a pendulum and stopwatch and a fiduciary aid to determine one complete cycle. • Check the zero reading of the stopwatch. • Start the stopwatch when releasing the pendulum. • Count 20 oscillations and record the time. • Divide the total time by 20 to get the period of one oscillation. • Repeat and take the average.
What are precautions in the pendulum experiment?
• Check for zero error. • Don’t count too many oscillations to avoid loss of count.
What are two sources of error in the pendulum experiment?
• Human error: reaction time. • Instrument error: zero error, battery empty.