Lab exam
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What is the common structural unit shared by all plants?
the cell
What is photosynthesis?
when solar energy is converted into organic matter that all organisms, both photosynthetic and non photosynthetic organisms depend on
What 3 things does photosynthesis require?
water, nutrients and CO2
What are chloroplasts?
cellular organelles where photosynthesis occurs
What are cell walls composed of?
cellulose, pectin and/or lignin to provide structural rigidity
What is the plasma membrane composed of primarily?
lipids
What are plasmodesmata?
pores in the cell walls where water and materials are exchanged across plasma membranes of adjacent cells
What is the cytoplasm?
a fluid matrix where chloroplasts, mitochondria and ribosomes are located
What is the nucleus?
where the genetic info is contained within DNA
What are vacuoles?
membrane bound, fluid filled organelles that provide structure within the plant cell and store water and nutrients (where anthocyanin is located)
What are parenchyma cells?
thin walled living cells (ex. onion) – store E or transder materials among cells
What are collenchyma cells?
unevenly thickened cell walled living cells (ex. strings in celery)
What are sclerenchyma cells?
thick celled walled dead cells (composed of fibers which are long, thin, narrow cells and sclereids which vary in shape and size) – provide physical support to the shoot
What are chlorenchyma cells?
parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts
3 functions of roots
anchor into the soil, obtain water and nutrients and store E in the form of carbs
Where do leaves/buds/branches arise?
nodes
What is considered the distance between 2 nodes?
internodes
What are crowns?
very short shoots near the soil surface
Where do new shoots arise from?
Shoot apical meristem
WHat is the terminal bud?
a bud at the tip of a shoot
What are axillary buds?
buds arising from nodes below the terminal buds
What do xylem and phloem do?
xylem: transports water and nutrients phloem: transports sugars
WHat is a basal bud?
where leaves arise on grass plants
What are culms?
grasses reproductive shoot