Pollution
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Persistence
How long it takes to degrade
Toxicity
Negative effect on living organisms
Specificity
relative toxicity with different organisms
Reactivity
how much the pollutant reacts with the environment
Adsorption
pollutant sticks to physical surfaces
Solubility
water soluble and lipid soluble
Biomagnification
effect increases as it is passed down the food chain
Synergism
where two or more pollutants react and have a different effect
Mutagenic effect
pollutant DNA structure of organisms
impacts of mutagens
Can affect somatic cells Can affect gonadic cells Can cause cancer
Teratogenic effects
Doesn’t mutate DNA but can cause birth defects
Mobility
how far and fast pollutants travel
Degradation
how fast it is going to degrade into nothing
Factors affecting degradation
temperature light oxygen
factors affecting dispersal in water soluble pollutants
volume of water flow of water (speed and direction)
factors affecting dispersal in atmospheric pollutants
wind velocity and direction
Conditions for a temperature inversion
in a valley still conditions cloudless skies
what happens in a temperature inversion
Cold air sinks as trapped by a layer of warm air, and creates condensation resulting in a fog. This increases the albedo of the area and reflects IR radiation which keeps the still cold air, cold
what does a temperature inversion trap
pollutants and prevents dispersal
an example of a temperature inversion - LA basins
low sloping plain between the pacific ocean and huge mountain ranges lying to the NE cold air from the coast is trapped by mountains and warm air descends into the basin the lid of the inversion is at 600m high ~ UV intensity meaning high levels of O3
what is a critical pathway analysis used for
predicting pollutant pathways and judging the severity of a pollutant event
what determines where a pollutant travels and for how long
it’s characteristics
what happens if the pollutant is immobile
It will stay in the same place and is unlikely to be taken up
what do you have to do to predict a pathway
take pollutant properties into account and focuses on environmental factors