C1: Atomic structure
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What is an atom
Smallest pieces of existing elements
What is a compound
Two or more elements combined
What is an element
Atoms of the same substance in the Periodic Table
What are the three subatomic particles and their charges
Electron, neutron and proton. Electrons have negative charges, neutrons have no charge and protons have positive charges
What is an ion
When an atom loses or gains electrons
What is a mixture
Two or more compounds that are NOT combined
What is an isotope
Different atoms of the same element that have different neutron numbers, but the same proton numbers
What is a molecule
A group of atoms joined together
What is the number below the element symbol, what does it do
Atomic number. It is the number of protons and electrons
What is the number above the element symbol, what does it do
Atomic mass. It is the total number of protons and neutrons in an element
How do we find out the neutron number
Mass number - Atomic number
What are the isotopes of hydrogen and how many isotopes does hydrogen have?
3 isotopes Protium, deuterium and tritium
How much of each isotope covers hydrogen
Protium = 99.98% Deuterium = 0.02% Tritium = Very rare, not used much
What is the calculation for percentage isotope abundancy
(isotope abundance x isotope mass number) /100
What was J J Thompson’s discovery
He discovered this in 1897. After he discovered electrons, he modelled the atom as a “plum pudding model” a ball of positive charge (dough) and negative charged electrons (currents in pudding) scattered across the charge
What was Ernest Rutherford’s discovery
In 1909, Rutherford discovered that alpha particles could bounce back atoms. He then concluded that an atom’s mass is concentrated in the centre of the atom. He called this the “nucleus” and it contained positively charged particles named “protons”
What was Niels Bohr and James Chadwick’s discovery
Niels Bohr had discovered that electrons orbit (fly around) the nucleus at fixed distances. In 1932, James Chadwick discovered some particles had no charge at all. These were named “neutrons”
What is the equation for percentage isotope abundancy
(percentage abundance x mass) /100