Week 14: Maternity
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How does the airway change within pregnancy?
• full dentitions • short obese neck • breast enlargement
How does breathing change in pregnancy?
• splinted diaphragm • splaying ribs • increased O2 consumption required • 40% increase in tidal volume
How does circulation change in pregnancy?
• vena cave compression • breast enlargement • splaying ribs • tachycardia • ECG changes
How can hormonal changes impact on the pregnant woman?
Tissue growth and development, controlled by the action or hormonal changes within the maternal system and interactions with hormones produced by the detal-placental complex
Define LMP
Last menstrual period
Define EDD
Estimated date of delivery
Define T or D
Term or expected date of delivery
Define CEPH
Cephalic (head)
Define BR
Breech
Define G
Gravida (number of pregnancies inc this one)
Define P
Number of times the woman had given birth (live or stillborn) P3+2, the 2nd number refers to prev miscarriages or terminations
At what point is labour at term?
27-41 weeks of gestation
When is labour considered premature?
Prior to 37 weeks (32-38)
When is labour considered extremely premature?
24-32 weeks
When is labour considered as post mature?
More than 40 weeks
What is the exact number of weeks to be full term?
40 weeks
What occurs in the first stage of labour?
• first stage of progressive cervical dilation • timed from the onset of regular coordinated contractions • accompanied by progressive effacement (thinning) and dilation of the cervix
When is a mother fully dilated?
At 10 cms
How is the uterus and cervix divided?
Into the upper and lower segment
What is contained within the upper segment of the uterus and cervix?
Motor muscle fibres in all directions where a contraction is commenced
What is contained in the lower segment of the uterus and cervix?
Soft and stretchy, pulled up and over out the way to allow passage of the baby
What occurs in the second stage of labour?
• fetal expulsion, from the full cervical dilation until the delivery of the baby • contractions are strong and aided by resp muscles • can take over an hour or as little as a few minutes in the multigravidae
What are the 4 stages within the second stage of birth?
• presentation of head • rotation and delivery of anterior shoulder • delivery of posterior shoulder • delivery of lower body and umbilical cord
What occurs in the third stage of labour?
Seperation and complete exclusion of the placenta and membranes and control of bleeding from the uteroplacental circulation