Water soluble vitamins
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What are things that could potentially cause damage to vitamins?
Light Oxidation Cooking Storage
How is absorption of water and fat soluble vitamins different?
Water soluble vitamins are absorbed into bloodstream and are excreted in urine. Fat soluble vitamins are absorbed into lymph then blood. In blood they are carried by protein carriers and stored in cells that typically store fat.
What is a big risk factor for fat-soluble vitamin toxicity?
Fat-soluble vitamins are likely to reach toxic levels with supplement use
What is the Estimated Average Requirement and how is this taken into account when deciding an RDI?
Different people have different requirements for certain nutrients. EAR takes into account 50% of the population. RDI is set at a value well above the EAR and as a result covers 98% of the population.
What is bioavailability?
Bioavailability is the rate and extent that a nutrient is absorbed and used
What other forms can vitamins be consumed in?
Precursors (provitamins) are consumed in an inactive form and become active vitamins in the body
What is the function of thiamin (Vitamin B1)?
Thiamin is involved in energy metabolism as part of the coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)?
What is the RDI of thiamin?
Men: 1.2mg/day Women:1.1mg/day
What are the symptoms of thiamin deficiency?
Enlarged heart and possible cardiac failure Muscular weakness Apathy, poor short-term memory, confusion, and irritability Anorexia and weight loss
What deficiency causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Thiamin deficiency (caused by alcohol abuse)
What are the effects of alcohol consumption on thiamin?
Alcohol decreases absorption and increases excretion of vitamin B1.
Which vitamin deficiency causes the disease beriberi?
Thiamin
What is the difference between dry and wet beriberi?
Wet beriberi reflects damage to the cardiovascular systems and presents with oedema (accumulation of vasodilators) Dry beriberi reflects damage to the nervous system and presents with muscle wasting
How common is the incidence of thiamin toxicity?
There are no reported toxicities
What are some food sources of vitamin B1?
Wholegrain, fortified or enriched grain products Moderate amounts in all foods ( I remember this using its function; thiamine is involved in TPP function which is a step shared by all living creatures. We eat other living things so we get some vitamin B1 from other things.) Yeast spreads (Vegemite) Pork, my favourite yum
How does thiamin respond to cooking?
Vitamin is destroyed by heat so it needs to be steamed or microwaved.
What is the function of riboflavin?
Riboflavin is involved in energy metabolism Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are the reducing equivalent coenzyme forms
What is the RDI of riboflavin?
Men: 1.3mg/day Women: 1.1mg/day
What are the symptoms of riboflavin deficiency? What is the name of the condition?
‘A’riboflavinosis: Inflammation of the membranes of the mouth, skin, eye and GI tract. Sore throat and cracks and redness at corner of mouth. Skin lesions covered with greasy scales. Painful, smooth, and purplish red tongue
How common is the incidence of riboflavin toxicity?
No reported toxicities
What are some sources of vitamin B2?
Milk products; including yoghurt and cheese. Enriched and whole grains. Liver
Is vitamin B2 destroyed by cooking?
No
What destroys vitamin B2?
ultraviolet light.
What is the function of niacin (vitamin B3)?
Glucose, lipid, fat, and alcohol metabolism (NAD+ coenzyme)