nutrition and pharmacology

this is the lack of a specific dietary requirement. low levels of minerals, vitamins and trace elements will cause specific problems

when a person is getting the nutrients they need from their diet, but they are not being taken into systemic circulation . this can be due to them not being broken down, or the products of the breakdown are not absorbed .

the stomach and pancrease for digestion. the small intestine for absorption

weight loss and diarrhoea

when more water goes out than what went in

when more water goes in than out

hydrophillic

hydrophobic

polar

can be found in : the intracellular fluid - inside the cells or extracellulary in : plasma interstitial fluid - between the cells

is the indigestible portion of plants and therefore it is non-nutritive

in bran, whole-grain breads, most fruits and vegetables

in oat bran, dried beans, some fruits and vegetables

carbohydrates, proteins and fats .

Amino acids by digestion

Fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides and glycerol

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides)

Glucose (monosaccharide)-most common form Fructose (monosaccharide)-found in fruits and berries Sucrose (disaccharide)-sources include granulated sugar, milk and milk products

Starches - from flour, pasta and potatoes Fiber

The small intestine

Oligosaccharides are broken down by pancreatic amylase to form disaccharides. These are broken down into monosaccharides by their enzyme. Monosaccharides enter the enterocytes and once they pass this they enter the blood stream. This goes to the liver

Transport oxygen and nutrients Role in developing/repairing bone, muscle and skin Vital for human life -may need more if fighting infection, recovering from surgery,blood loss or burns

Amino acids