organic 1 p2

system used for naming organic compounds

simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecules

provides the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

a type of formula which is drawn as line with each vertex being a carbon atom carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H

a series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

a group of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound

aldehyde = al ketone = one carboxylic acid = oic acid

CnH2n+2

CnH2n

organic compounds which only contain single bonds

organic compounds that contain at least one carbon carbon double covalent bond

when molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

1 alkyl groups can be in different places 2 functional groups can be bonded to different parts 3 there can be different functional groups

organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space

caused by limited rotation about the C=C double bonds if the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side on the double bond (both above/both below) it is the Z isomer

special type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents of each carbon atom are the same E - trans Z - cis

happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals

when one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair

highly reactive, neutral species

radicals collide and the electrons are involved in the bond formation

fractional distillation, cracking and reforming crude oil

1 oil pre heated and passed into a column 2 fractions condense at different temps (temp is hottest at bottom) 3 separation of the fuels depends on boiling point which depends son size of molecules - the larger the molecule the larger the London forces 4 similar molecules condense together and so are collected at the same fraction 5 small molecules condense at the top at lower temps and big molecules condense at the bottom at higher temps