Electronic Arrangement and Transition Metals
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What is an orbital?
A region in space within an atom which can hold up to 2 electrons (with opposite spins)
What is the shape of a s-orbital?
Sphere
What is the shape of a p-orbital?
Figure of 8 (but 3D)
What is the maximum electrons that can go in an s-subshell?
2
What is the maximum electrons that can go in an p-subshell?
6
What is the maximum electrons that can go in an d-subshell?
10
What is the maximum electrons that can go in an f-subshell?
14
What does each symbol represent? aX^b
X = subshell type a = Shell number b = number of electrons in subshell
What is the order of the subshells that get filled up?
| 1s^2 | 2s^2 . 2p^6 | 3s^2 . 3p^6 . 3d^10 | 4s^2 . 4p^6 . 4d^10 . 4f^14 \/ filled in diagonals
What is the s-block? And where is it on the periodic table?
an element with its outermost electron in a s-orbital (or s-subshell) Group 1 and 2 and Helium
What is the p-block? And where is it on the periodic table?
an element with its outermost electron in a p-orbital (or p-subshell) Group 3 to 8 (excluding helium)
What is the d-block? And where is it on the periodic table?
an element with its outermost electron in a d-orbital (or d-subshell) Transition Metals
What are some properties of d-block elements?
malleable, dense, conductors, strong
What happens to electronic orbitals when forming a transition metal ion?
remove from the 4s orbital before the 3d orbital
Why are scandium and zinc not transition metals?
they only have one oxidation state and form colourless compounds
What transition metal catalysts are used for the following processes? Haber process, hydrogenation of alkenes, The contact process and decomposition of H2O2
Haber process - iron catalyst Fe Hydrogenation of alkenes - nickel catalyst Ni the contact process - vandium oxide V2O5 decomposition of H2O2 - manganses dioxide MnO2
What is the definition of a transition element?
has at least one of its ions with a partially filled d-subshell