Bacteria, our immune system 8.1

Term used to describe anything that prevents the body or parts of the body from functioning properly

Diseases that can be easily spread from one person to another

Quarantine

R0 value

microscopic and unicellular

Organisms that cause disease

Bacteria, Viruses, fungi, parasites

Washing hand frequently and thoroughly Sanitize all food preparation surfaces Keep high risk foods like meat and dairy products separate Use different utensils for raw and cooked food

• Whooping Cough: chronic cough with congestion • Tetanus: fever, high blood pressure, muscle spasms and lock jaw. • Diphtheria: swollen throat, fever and weakness • Impetigo: red sores forming around mouth and nose • Pneumococcal: infections of lungs, ears and brain membranes. • Meningococcal: inflammation of brain and spinal cord. • Typhoid fever: fever, headache, stomach pain, diarrhea and rash. These if untreated could be fatal.

Bacterium Salmonella Enteritis, food poisoning Releases poisons, cause fever, headaches and server stomach pains To expel pathogens, the body induces vomiting and diarrhea, causing dehydration Can be prevented with good hygiene

C.Tentani causes tetanus which occur naturally in low oxygen environments Bacterium multiples and releases poisons into the body Toxins cause muscle spasms and lock jaw Sever symptoms may include respiratory failure and heart attack Preventable with vaccines but require 5 years boosters.

Used to treat bacterial infections Kill or inhabit growth of bacteria by targeting their cell walls or metabolic pathways Not effective against other pathogens Bacterial can be immune to antibiotics by antibiotics not being completed

Occurs and pathogen enters body reaches its target cells When break through our line of defense in our immune system we get sick

Prevent entry of the pathogen into the body -Skins acts as Barrier -Fluids wash away -Hair and mucus prevent from entering lungs -Acid kills some pathogens in stomach - Empty digestive track through vomiting and diarrhea removes pathogens

Non-specific cellular responses White blood cells engulf bacteria and kill them, when they become full they die and form yellow pus at infection site Release histamine increase blood flow to heal causing inflammation and swelling at infection site

Specific cellular responses Specific antibodies target and bind specifically to pathogens cause them to clump together Antibodies remain in our body after infection, creating immunological memory

-Rely on the memory capabilities of our immune system -Allow us to pass on immunity artificially -May be made of dead/inactive pathogens, their proteins – still triggering the third line of defense and building memory, but not making us dangerously sick