3.6 Organic Analysis
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How do you test for alkenes?
Shake with bromine water, result is bromine water going from orange to colourless
How do you test for halogenoalkanes?
Add NaOH (aq) and warm acidify with HNO3 then add AgNO3 (aq) Result: precipitate of AgX (for Cl - white, for Br - cream, for I - yellow)
How do you test for alcohols?
Add acidified K2Cr2O7 and heat Result: colour change from orange to green for primary and secondary alcohols (no change for tertiary alcohols)
How do you test for aldehydes (2)
• Warm with Fehlings solution, result: brick red precipitates • Warm with Tollen’s, result: “silver mirror”
How do you test for carboxylic acids?
Add Na2CO3 (aq), result: CO2 (g) given off - effervescence
What is mass spectrometry? How does it work?
Used to find the relative molecular masses of organic compounds Compound is dissolved in solution, ionised by a high voltage supply (to mostly 1+) accelerated by a negatively charged plate, becomes a beam of ionised molecules, reach detector and cause a current to flow. Time of flight used to work out m/z value and plot graph