Chemistry Unit #7: Kinetics and Equilibrium .... Test on April 5, 2017
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What is the chemical equation of the ignition of nitroglycerin?
C₃H₅N₃O₉(l) ===> 12CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(g) + O₂(g) + 6N₂(g) + energy
Meaning of Q’s value
• if Kc > Q: forward rxn favored - vice versa
Write the equilibrium constant expressions for the following reactions at equilibrium. C) C₂H₅OH(l) + CH₃COOH(l) ⇌ CH₃COOC₂H₅(l) + H₂O(l)
Kc = [CH₃COOC₂H₅] [H₂O] / [C₂H₅OH] [CH₃COOH]
Reversible reactions do not reach an ____. 3
End Never go to completion Final observation in not 100% of product
A catalyst increases the rate of forward and reverse reactions equally.
A catalyst increases the rate of forward and reverse reactions _______.
What is a device that can be used to measure the amount of light absorbed at a particular wavelength — the darker the colour of the sample, the more light is absorbed
A colorimeter
Write the equilibrium constant expressions for the following reactions at equilibrium. A.) 2NH₃(g) + H₂SO₄(g) ⇌ (NH₄)₂SO₄(g)
Kc = [(NH₄)₂SO₄] / [NH₃]² [H₂SO₄]
What does Kc mean?
Equilibrium constant at a particular temperature
What does Nitrogen Fixation naturally? 3
Bacteria do this naturally Good for plants Because it is needed for growth (fertilizer)
Was nitroglycerin, C₃H₅N₃O₉(l) dangerous to handle on its own?
Yes, it was
State the four factors that affect the reaction rate and one that only affects if particle are gases.
Break up solid reactants to increase the Surface area Increase Concentration or Shrink container Increasing the Temperature Adding/Using a Catalyst Increase the number of particles or increase pressure
Slope in a graph _______ as reactant as used up.
Decreases
For the following equilibrium constants, predict which would exist in higher quantities — reactants or products. D) 1.00
Neither reactants or products
What three main things happen when the Reverse reaction is favoured?
Reaction shifts towards the left side More reactants form Amount of products reduced
Reaction rate is the ______ of the reaction
Speed
For an endothermic reaction, the value of the equilibrium constant _________ as the temperature is increased. Why?
For an endothermic reaction, the value of the equilibrium constant increases as the temperature is increased. Endothermic’s process is A + B + heat = C + D We treat heat a reactant and because we have more reactants, we make more products, thus shifting the equilibrium to the right/forward
What happens to the Chemicals during Dynamic Equilibrium?
Chemicals shift between reactant side and product side
Is Equilibrium limited to chemical reactions?
No, it is not limited to chemical reactions
State two general ways, according to the collision theory, the reaction rate could be increased.
1) Increase the frequency of collisions (If Obinna’s chance of success is 1%, he will get 1 date from asking 100 women. He can increase his chances by asking 1000 women, with which he will get 10 dates.) 2) Increase the energy with which they collide in a certain time. (Get more Attractive)
State the only factor that when changed will alter the equilibrium constant. Kc
Temperature
Given: C₂H₅OH(l) + CH₃COOH(l) ⇌ CH₃COOC₂H₅(l) + H₂O(l) In which direction will the equilibrium shift if: B) more alcohol is added
Stress: Favoured: Direction: right/forward
How is O₂(g) obtained for the Contact Process reaction of 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) ∆H°= -197 kJ/mol??
From fractional distillation of liquid (compressed) air
In reversible reactions, sometimes products will collide and lead to the reforming of ________
In reversible reactions, sometimes products will collide and lead to the reforming of reactants
How does Nitrogen Fixation happen?
Changing N₂(g) to a nitrogen compound