Chapter 14

many varieties mating can be controlled sperm and egg producing organs cross-pollination can be achieved

plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self polinate

mate two contrasting, true-breeding plants

true-breeding parents

hybrid offspring of P generation

produced when F1 self polinates

P generation produced purple flowers, F1 produced purple and white

heritable factor

alternate alleles for each trait each gene resides at a specific locus of a chromosome

one allele is inherited form each parent 2 alleles at a locus on a chromosome may be identical or be different

dominant allele masks the recessive allele

law of segregation (two alleles for a characteristic separate during gamete formation) egg or sperm gets only one of 2 alleles present in somatic cells

anaphase II of miosis

each pair of alleles segregate independently of other alleles during gamete formation

genes located near each other on the same chromosome

when alleles are not completely dominant or recessive when a gene has more than 2 alleles when a gene produces multiple phenotypes

dominant allele completely covers the recessive allele

two alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

phenotype of dominant and recessive trait get mixed

genes have multiple phenotypic effects causes hereditary diseases such as sickle-cell

additive effect of 2 or more genes on a single trait

gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a 2nd locus completely masks trait (albino)

false

physical appearance internal anatomy physiology behavior