Bonding - Solubility
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Name three chemical forces (bonding types) that occur within a sample of water
Covalent bonds (within molecules), Hydrogen bonds (between molecules), Dispersion forces (between molecules)
What description is used for two liquids that can ‘dissolve’ each other?
Miscible
What happens to chemical forces when an ionic compound dissolves in water?
Forces between ions (ionic bonds) are broken, forces between water molecules (hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces) are broken, forces between ions and water molecules (ion-dipole forces) are formed.
What new forces form when ethanol molecules dissolve in water?
Hydrogen bonds (between the ethanol and water molecules)
What forces can form between a polar and a non-polar molecule?
Dispersion forces
What are the two phases in any chromatography experiment?
Mobile phase and stationary phase
Why should a paper chromatography baseline be drawn in pencil?
Pencil lines are insoluble so the baseline won’t run up the paper.
What description is used when a substance ‘sticks’ to the stationary phase in chromatography?
Adsorption
If a substance has a high Rf value, is it likely to have high or low solubility in the solvent used?
High solubility
What are the highest and lowest possible Rf values, and when do they occur?
1.0 (a soluble component travels with the solvent front) and 0.0 (an insoluble component stays on the baseline)
how does NaCl dissolve in water
• NaCl is a giant ionic lattice of Na+ and Cl- • the water molecules surround the lattice and form ion-dipole attractions with the ions, which disrupts the ionic bonding in the lattice • the ions move away from the lattice dissolving the structure