Unit 4 Review
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Which of the following conditions will cause an increase anion gap?
Renal failure
The anion gap is determined from which of the following groups of electrolytes?
Sodium, chloride, potassium, and HCO3-
Which of the following conditions may be characterized by an increased anion gap?
*All of the above - Salicylate intoxication - diabetes mellitus - lactate acidosis
A sweat chloride greater than 60 men/L is consistent with which of the following disorder?
Cystic fibrosis
Which of the following enzyme is used in several methods to measure serum total carbon dioxide?
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Patients with hyponatremia may show signs of hypovolemia which is defined as:
Low blood volume
Which of the following disorders may develop due to increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the hypothalamus in the absence of appropriate osmolar or volume stimuli?
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Chloride in sweat can be measured by which of the following techniques?
Coulometry and amperometry
In the blood, bicarbonate leaves the RBC and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with which of the following ions?
Chloride
Which of the following mechanisms aid in the transport of K+ into the cell against a concentration gradient?
Na+/K+ ATP pump
Symptoms including metal confusion, weakness, tingling sensations, respiratory muscle weakness are all associated with which of the following disorders?
• Hyperkalemia
Which of the following compounds function to reduce the venous pressure that occurs with a given increase blood volume, increasing vascular permeability and promoting natriuretic and diuresis?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Measurement of sodium, potassium, and chloride are commonly performed in laboratories using which of the following?
Ion selective electrodes
Calculate the anion gap given the following data: Sodium = 145 mEq/L Chloride = 102 mEq/L HCO3 = 20 mEq/L
23 mEq/L
Which of the following conditions is associated with hypernatremia?
Diabetes insipidus
Which of the following electrolyte levels best correlate with plasma osmolarity?
Sodium
Plasma osmolality can be calculated using which of the following?
2(Na)+(glucose/18)+(BUN/2.8)
A patient with a toxic level of blood alcohol would cause which of the following?
An increased osmolarity gap
Serum lacks which of the following constituents?
Fibrinogen
Freezing point depression is one of the:
Colligative properties of a solution
A patient with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) would present with which of the following laboratory results?
Decreased serum sodium, osmalility, chloride, increased urine sodium
Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in response to hyponatremia?
Renin is released from the kidney; renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I; angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II
Electrolyte exclusion effect is characterized as which of the following?
A falsely low serum sodium result in a grossly lipemic specimen
A family of peptides called natriuretic peptides serves to regulate:
Sodium and water metabolism