LABORATORY PRE-LAB 3

It is the basic structural unit of living organisms that performs the body’s delicate internal biochemical process known as ____

Animal cell (3)

Plant cell (3)

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL • membrane enclosing the nucleus. Protein lined pores allow material to move in and out

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL DNA plus associated proteins

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL Condensed region where ribosomes are formed

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL • ____ Metabolizes waste • ____ associated with ribosomes; makes secretory and membrane proteins • ____ makes lipids

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL (Cytoskeleton) • ____ form the mitotic spindle and maintain cell shape • ____ microtubules organizing center • ____ fibrous proteins that hold organelles in place • ____ Fibrous proteins; form the cellular cortex • ____ digest food • ____ modified protein • ____ produce energy

• ____Carbon-based molecules which constitutes most of the cell structure • ____ those without carbon that make up a small fraction of cell constitution

• ___ it is the primary source of energy for the cell • ___ it is the secondary source of energy; acts as the thermal insulation, hormone action, cushion

• ____ Primarily functioning as catalyst of chemical reactions, acting as structural molecules and as channels and receptors of the cell • ____ it carries the genetic information of the cell

BUILDING BLOCKS: MONOMERS • ____ Monosaccharides • ____ glycerol/ fatty acids • ____ Amino acids • ____ nucleotides

• lack of true nucleus and membrane bound organelles • Unicellular organisms • has a small and circular DNA contained in the nucleoid • Examples: (2)

• Present nucleus and membrane bound organelles • multicellular organisms • DNA is found within the nucleus • Example: (3)

• are all the body’s cells except for the sperm and egg cells • Are ____, meaning they contain two complete sets of chromosomes • They make up the majority of our body’s cells and are responsible for various functions

• also known as ___cells, are the egg and sperm cells • They are ___ cells, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes • Sex cells are produced through a special type of cell division called ___

• ___ generally undergo ___ • the process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells • the major purpose is for growth and to replace worn out cells

• ___ cells undergo ___ • The purpose of this is to create ___ for sexual production with half the genetic material of the parent cell

____ is a simple chemical test used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution. • It is a bright blue solution containing ____, _____, and ____ ,

A chemical test used to detect the presence of peptide bonds in a molecule. ___ are made up of ___ linked together by protein so as a positive indicates the presence of ___ in a sample • Proteins absent (Negative) • Protein present (positive)

BENEDICT’S TEST • ___ no reducing sugar (Water, Egg white) • ___ trace reducing sugar (fruit extract, onion extract, potato extract, Liver, soy beans, Green) • ___ Low reducing sugar (Egg yolk) • ___ Moderate reducing sugar (Glucose solution , pure honey,) • ___ High reducing sugar (liver, pure honey)

BIURET TEST Egg yolk ____ Egg white ___ Liver ____ Soy beans ___ Fresh milk ____ Fruit extract ____ Potato extract ____ Onion extract ____ 10% glucose solution ____ Water ____ Pure honey

____ the process by which cells replicate themselves to produce new cells. This process is essential for growth, development, repair, and reproduction in animals

Biuret test solution (2)