Ch. 7 - Human Nutrition
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What is a diet?
Diet refers to food that animals consume daily.
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet is a diet that contains all nutrients and food groups, namely, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water, in correct proportion to provide sufficient energy.
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Carbohydrates
Source: Bread, rice, sugar, fruits Importance: 1. Main source of energy 2. Used for respiration, which produces energy
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Fats and Oils
Source: Butter, dairy, fatty meat Importance: 1. Energy store 2. Insulation - keeps us warm 3. Protects vital organs
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Protein
Source: Meat, eggs, beans, cheese Importance: 1. Growth and repair of body tissues 2. Making enzymes and hormones
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Vitamin C
Source: Citrus fruits, tomatoes Importance: 1. Healthy skin and gums – by creating collagen 2. Healing bones and tissues
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Vitamin D
Source: Sunlight, fish, oil, dairy Importance: 1. Helps in absorbing calcium, which supports the bones and teeth
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Calcium
Source: Milk, cheese, yoghurt Importance: 1. Strong bones and teeth 2. Muscle function 3. Blood Clotting
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Iron
Source: Red meat, liver, spinach Importance: 1. Makes haemoglobin, which is used to carry oxygen in the blood
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Water
Source: Drinking water, fruits, vegetables Importance: 1. Needed for chemical reactions in the body 2. Transport of substances in the blood 3. Control
Name the source and importance of the following nutrient: Fibre
Source: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables Importance: 1. Helps food moves throughout the gut 2. Prevents constipation 3. Keeps the digestive system healthy
What are the symptoms of the following nutrient deficiency: Vitamin C
Scurvy: Causes pain in the joints and muscles, Causes bleeding in the gums
What are the symptoms of the following nutrient deficiency: Vitamin D
Rickets: Bones become soft and deformed
What are the symptoms of the following nutrient deficiency: Calcium
Brittle bones and teeth Poor blood clotting
What are the symptoms of the following nutrient deficiency: Iron
Anaemia: There are not enough, red blood cells, tissues do not get enough oxygen delivered to them
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Mouth
Functions: 1. Choose food for physical digestion 2. Contain saliva, which moistens the food 3. Forms Bolus for swallowing 4. Amylase in the saliva starts starch digestion Features: 1. Has the teeth tongue, salary glands, and saliva containing amylase and mucus Part of Digestion: Ingestion, Digestion
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Salivary Glands
Functions: 1. Produces a saliva, which has water, mucus and amylase Features: 1. Mucus act as a binding agent in providing lubricants, which helps a food go down the food pipe 2. Mucus created by goblet cells 3. Amylase breaks starch into maltose Part of Digestion: Digestion
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Oesophagus
Functions: 1. Moves food to the stomach Features: 1. It is a muscular tube, 2. Operates via peristalsis 3. Contains sphincter muscles at the stomach entrance Part of Digestion: Movement after Ingestion
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Stomach
Functions: 1. Secretes gastric juices of HCl and Pepsin 2. HCl lowers the pH providing the optimum pH for Pepsin to work (pH 2) 3. Food is churned to mix the food and get rid of germs 4. Proteins are digested 5. Food is stored Features: 1. Contains muscular walls 2. Glands produce protein, mucus, and hydrochloric acid 3. Sphincter muscles at both the entrance and exit Part of Digestion: Digestion
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Liver
Functions: 1. Produces bile which: 2. Neutralizes stomach acid 3. Helps in fat digestion as it emulsifies fat 4. Stimulate Peristalsis Features: 1. Produces bile Part of Digestion: Digestion
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Gallbladder
Functions: 1. Bile duct to the duodenum Features: 1. Releases bile into the duodenum 2. Stores bile Part of Digestion: Digestion
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Pancreas
Functions: 1. Uses the pancreatic duct to the Duodenum Features: 1. Produces pancreatic juice with enzymes 2. These enzymes continue digestion of carbs, proteins, and fats Part of Digestion: Digestion
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Duodenum
Functions: 1. Chemical digestion occurs here 2. Receives bile and pancreatic juice Features: 1. It is at the start of the small intestine Part of Digestion: Digestion
List the functions and features of the following part of the digestive system. Mention which part of the digestion process it helps in. Ileum
Functions: 1. Absorbs digested nutrients and water into the blood Features: 1. Long folded lining 2. Has a good blood supply Part of Digestion: Absorption