3 a) Energetics
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Bond energy
Amount of energy required to break 1 mole of covalent bonds in gaseous molecules, or the amount of energy released when 1 mole of covalent bonds are formed in gaseous molecules.
Endothermic
Reactions in which heat energy is taken in from the surroundings.
Exothermic
Reactions in which heat energy is given out to the surroundings.
Activation energy
Minimum amount of energy required to result in a reaction (successful collision).
Calorimetry
Measuring the heat given out or taken in by a chemical reaction.
Enthalpy change
The amount of heat energy taken in or given out in a chemical reaction. (ΔH)
Fuel
A substance that when burned in oxygen releases heat energy.
Molar enthalpy change
The change in enthalpy when 1 mole of a particular reactant reacts.