CH 3 Cells Undergo Chemical Reactions

All the chemical reactions occurring in a living organism

Chemical reactions that break down large organic molecules into smaller ones with the release of energy

The process of combining small molecules to make larger ones that requires energy (synthesis)

Any substance in food that provides energy is essential for growth, or assists in the functioning of the body

Substances that have large molecules and contain carbon, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Organic molecules that are the main source of energy for cells

A simple sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose

Two simple sugar molecules bonded together

Many simple sugar molecules bonded together

Large organic molecules made up of fatty acids and glycerol

The most common form of lipid, made up of glycerol and three fatty acids

Very large organic molecule made up of amino acids

Small molecules that join together to make proteins

A bond between an amino acid group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid

Two amino acids bonded together by a peptide bond

Ten or more amino acids bonded together

Molecules containing many nucleotides forming a chain; includes ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Not containing carbon (eg, water, oxygen) or having small molecules (eg, carbon dioxide)

The energy needed to break the bonds of the reacting particles in a chemical reaction

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction, increasing the rate of the reaction without being consumed

An organic substance that increases the speed of chemical changes without being altered or destroyed in the change

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts

The part of an enzyme molecule that combines with the substrate

The structure formed when an enzyme and a substrate combine