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Isotope
Different atomic forms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass number
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Relative isotopic mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Relative molecular mass
The ratio of the average mass of one molecule of an element or compound to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Relative formula mass
The weighted average of the masses of the formula units relative to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Mole
The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope
Avogadro constant
The number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope 6.02 times 10^23
Molar mass
The mass per mole of a substance Units- g mol^-1
Molar gas volume
The volume per mole of gas Units- dm^3 mol^-1
Empirical formula
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
Molecular formula
Shows the numbers and types of the atoms of each element in a compound
Anhydrous
A substance that contains no water molecules
Water of crystallisation
Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound
Atom economy
Mr of the useful product divided by the Mr of all the reactants times by 100
Percentage yield
Actual amount in mol divided by theoretical amount in mol times by 100
Acid
A proton donor Releases H+ in solution
Base
A chemical that can react with acids Proton acceptor
Alkali
A chemical that reacts with an acid Soluble in water, releasing hydroxide ions
Neutralisation
The reaction of an acid with a base