Acid-Base Balance
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yield hydrogen ion (H+) or hydronium ion when dissolve in water
Acid
yield hydroxyl ion
Base
relative strength of an acid and base ; ability to dissociate in water
K value or ionization constant
Negative log of ionization constant
pKa
Combination of weak acid and weak/conjugate base; prevents changes in pH
Buffer
Principle Buffer System:
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid System (pKa of 6.1)
Buffer Reference Value
7.40 H+ or 40 mmol/L
Major Buffer System (4)
Bicarbonate -Carbonic Acid Protein Buffer Phosphate Buffer Hemoglobin Buffer System
Principle Buffer System of the Body
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer System
H2CO3 (Weak Acid) A. Releases Hydrogen ion B. Do not release ion
B. Do not release ion
It carries both acidic and basic charge to be able to find or release excess hydrogen
Protein Buffer System
present in plasma proteins which are NEGATIVE in charge and capable of binding with H+
Imidazole groups of histidine
Buffer System by which excess H+ combines in renal tubules with Na2PO4 Sodium is reabsorbed and H+ is passed in urine
Phosphate Buffer System
Plays a role in plasma and RBC involved in exchange of sodium ion in the urine H+ filtrate
Phosphate Buffer System
Amino acid that produces NH3
Glutamine
Excreted form of ammonia in urine
NH4
Decreased pH = ____ NH3
Increased NH3
Inability to produce acidic urine
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Type of Renal Tubular Acidosis that is characterized with defective H+ secretion
Type I (Distal RTA)
Type of RTA with reduced reabsorption of HCO3
Type II (Proximal RTA)
Type of RTA with decreased ammoniagenesis
Type IV RTA
Buffer system involves CO2 combining with H2O forming H2CO3 by CARBONIC ANHYDRASE found in RBC then dissociates into HCO3+
Hemoglobin-Oxyhemoglobin Buffer System
Oxygen Dissociation Curve: Shift to the ___: Acidosis
Right
Oxygen Dissociation Curve: Shift to the ___: Alkalosis
Left