4.1.9: Development and use of drugs
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What were the origins of morphine?
• In the use of sap from unripe poppy seed-heads as long ago as the Neolithic times. • 12th century, opium from poppies used as an anaesthetic. • 19th century, morphine and opium were being used. H
How do opiate drugs work?
• They reduce nervous action in the central nervous system. - If nerves cannot carry impulses, pain is not felt.
What led to the development of aspirin and ibuprofen?
• Medicinal willow bark extract used to relieve pain and fever in history. • Discovery of active ingredient, a way was found to reduce side-effects by adding an acetyl group.
Why do monkeys rub citrus oils on their coats?
-As insecticides. and antiseptics in order to prevent insect bites and infection.
Why do birds line their nests with medicinal leaves?
-To protect their chicks from blood-sucking mites.