Genetics
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What is a genome
All the genetic material in a cell
What is a chromatin
The genetic material of a cell consisting of DNA, proteins and some RNA
How many chromosomes does a human cell have
46
A cell with 23 paired chromosomes is called what
A diploid
What is a haploid
Gametes (spermatozoa and ova) with only half of the normal complement, i.e. 23 chromosomes instead of 46.
What are chromosomes that belong to the same pair called
Homologous chromosomes
What is a karyotype
The complete set of chromosomes from a cell
What is a chromosome
A long molecule of DNA that is coiled together with several proteins
What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes collectively known as?
Autosomes
What are the pair 23 chromosomes known as and what do they determine.
They are sex chromosomes are determine the individuals gender
What gender carries the Y chromosome
Male
What gender is a child with 2 X chromosomes known as
Female
What are genes
Genes are the cell’s hereditary units that control cellular structure and direct cellular activities.
How many genes are there is a single chromosome
25000-30000
What DNA made up of
Two chains of nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of 3 subunits, what are these?
A sugar A phosphate group A nitrogenous base
There are A,T,C,G binds in a DNA (in the middle) that bind together? What do the A binds bind to and ETC
A binds to T C binds to G
What are do the A,T,C,G, binds stand for
Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine
What maintain the 3D coiled shape of DNA
Histones
What does mutation mean
Mutation means an inheritable alteration in the normal genetic make-up of a cell.
What are some external factors that can cause mutation
X-Rays Ultraviolet rays Exposure to certain chemicals
Mutation facts revision card
Most mutations are immediately repaired by enzymes present in the cell nucleus, and therefore cause no permanent problems. However, sometimes the mutation is lethal, because it disrupts some essential cellular functions, causing cell death. Often, the mutated cell is detected by immune cells and destroyed because it is abnormal.
Some mutations do not kill the cell but instead alter its function in a way that can cause disease, what is an example of this.
Cancer
How many amino acids are the building block of human proteins.
About 20 different amino acids