A3.1 Diversity of Organisms
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What is taxonomy?
The science of classifying organisms into groups based on shared characteristics.
Why do scientists classify organisms?
To organize biodiversity, identify organisms, show evolutionary relationships, and allow universal communication.
What are shared characteristics?
Traits organisms have in common due to shared ancestry.
What happens to similarity as taxonomic groups become smaller?
Organisms become more similar.
What is phyletics?
Classification based on evolutionary relationships.
What evidence is commonly used in modern classification?
DNA sequences, proteins, morphology, embryology, and chromosome comparisons.
Why can different classification systems disagree?
Different evidence may suggest different evolutionary relationships.
What are the 8 major taxonomic ranks in order?
Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species.
What is a species?
A group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
What domain do humans belong to?
Eukarya.
What kingdom do humans belong to?
Animalia
What class do humans belong to?
Mammalia
What phylum do humans belong to?
Chordata
What order do humans belong to?
Primates
Example of classification
Grey Wolf Classification Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: Canis lupus
What genus do humans belong to?
Homo
What family do humans belong to?
Hominidae
What species do humans belong to?
Homo sapiens.
What is binomial nomenclature?
A two-part scientific naming system developed by Carl Linnaeus.
What are the two parts of a scientific name?
Genus and species.
How should scientific names be written?
Italicized when typed; underlined when handwritten.
Which part of a scientific name is capitalized?
The genus.
Why are scientific names useful?
They avoid confusion caused by common names.
Why are common names unreliable?
Different regions may use different names for the same organism.