Chapter 11- Biodiversity

Number of different habitats found within a area

The number of different species living in a particular area

A comparison of the number of individuals of each species living in a community

Variety of genes that make up a species

Means selecting individuals by chance, each individual in the population has an equal likelihood of selection. • Mark out a grid on the grass using two tape measures laid at right angles • Use random numbers to determine the x coordinate and the y coordinate on your grid • Take a sample at each of the coordinate pairs generated

Divided into three different techniques Opportunistic Stratified Systematic

Uses organisms that are conveniently available

Population divide into different sub groups based on a certain characteristic. For instance, the population might be separated into males and females. A random sample is then taken from each strata

Carried out using a line or a belt transect. Take samples at specified points

Sampling bias- the selection process may be biased e.g one chosen area may have more flowers than the other. Chance- may not represent whole population

Used to catch small insects. By sucking on a mouthpiece and insects are drawn into the holding chamber via the inlet tube.

Are used to catch insects in areas of long grass

Used to catch small, crawling invertebrates such as beetles, spiders and slugs

Is used to take samples of invertebrates living in a tree or a bush

Is used to study the organisms living in a river. The river bank and bed is kicked for a period of time to disturb the substrate. A net is held just downstream for a set period of time.

0 represents no diversity 1 respects infinite diversity

Natural selection Genetic bottlenecks The founder effect Genetic drift Gene flow

Outside natural habitat

In natural habitat

Establishes a red list which highlights all animals which are threatened and helps countries work together to help conserve these species Stops animal trade

172 nations agreed to new strategies to help conserve species

Pay locals to conserve landscape