Lipids
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roles of lipids
energy storage, structual component of membranes, active roles
why are lipids good storage molecules
low oxidation number, low hydration state
fatty acids (general)
1) hydrocarbon with carboxylic tail 2) differ in length and degree of saturation 3) usually an even number of C’s
saturated=
no double bonds
unstaurated=
1 double bond
polysaturated
multiple double bonds
where are the double bonds
cis configuration and located after carbons 9, 12, 15
what determines fatty acid properties
length and degree of saturation
fatty acids with ____ are more liekly to associae than are short chains
long chains
fatty acids without ____ are more likely to associate than are with double bonds
double bonds
melting temperature of a fatty acid mixture
reflects the length and degree of saturation of the hydrocarbon tails, double bonds have a greater influence than the length of the tail
triacylglycerols are the …
storage lipids in animals and plants
what does the ester linkage do
removes the polar head group to make a more hydrophobic molecule
saponification
treatment of animal fat with a strong base will break the ester linkages of triacylglycerols
why are free fatty acids good soaps
theyre amphipathic
waxes
non-polar esters of long-chain fatty acids and long chain monohydroxylic acids
membrane bilayers of lipids….
define cells and regulate the composition of the intracellular environment
component of lipids in membranes
two hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head group
the most abundant lipids in membranes are
glycerophospholipids
what are glycerophospholipids made of
glycerol backbone with a phosphate at the C3 position
phosphatidate=
glycerol-3-phosphate+2 fatty acids
plant cells contain
galactolipids
what are galactolipids made of
one or two galactose groups linked to C3 of diacylglycerol
what do sulfolipids do
provides hydrophilic head