4. Acids and redox
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What is an acid?
A species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution.
Because acids release H+ ions and they are protons, therefore acids are also called ______ ______ .
Proton donors
What is the ionic equation when acid is breaking down?
HA (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + A- (aq)
What are the common acids and what are their formula?
• hydrochloric acid (HCl) • sulphuric acid (H2SO4) • nitric acid (HNO3) • ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) • phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
What is a diprotic acid? Give one example of a diprotic acid.
Acid that releases 2 H+ ions, eg. sulphuric acid (H2SO4) .
What is a triprotic acid? Give one example of a triprotic acid.
Acid that releases 3 H+ ions, eg. phosphoric acid (H3PO4) .
What is a base?
A compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt.
What is an alkali?
A type of base that dissolves in water and releases OH- (hydroxide) ions in aqueous solution.
Because bases accept a proton (H+ ion) from an acid, therefore bases are also called ______ _________ .
Proton acceptors
What is the ionic equation when a base is breaking down?
BOH (aq) ⇌ B+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
What are the common alkalis and what are their formula?
• sodium hydroxide (NaOH) • potassium hydroxide (KOH) • ammonia (NH3)
Are all alkalis bases?
Yes
Are all bases alkalis?
No
Is water an acid or a base? Why?
Water is amphoteric (兩性的) because it can act as both acid and base.
What is the ionic equation when water acts as an acid and breaks down?
H2O (l) + B (aq) > OH- (aq) + HB+ (aq)
What is the ionic equation when water acts as a base and breaks down?
H2O (l) + HA (aq) > H3O+ (aq) + A- (aq)
What is a strong acid?
An acid that completely dissociates in solution and release all H+ ions.
What is a weak acid?
An acid that partially dissociates in solution and releases some H+ ions.
What is neutralisation?
The reaction of: 1. H+ and OH– to form H2O 2. acid and base to form salt
Acid + base > ?
Water + salt
What is the ionic equation of acid + base?
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) > H2O (l)
Metal + acid > ?
Salt + hydrogen
What is the ionic equation of metal + acid?
2H+ (aq) + X (s) > X 2- (aq) + H2 (g)
Metal oxide + acid > ?
Salt + water