Qualitative Analysis: Tests for Ions
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Order of ion tests
• Carbonate test • Sulfate test • Halide test
Test for ammonium ions
Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to a solution of ammonium ions and warm. Ammonia gas is produced. Ammonia is alkaline so can be tested for by holding a damp piece of pH indicator paper near the mouth of the test tube and observing a colour change (eg. turns damp yellow litmus paper blue)
Test for carbonate ions
Add dilute nitric acid Fizzing = carbon dioxide being produced
Test for sulfate ions
(Add dilute nitrate acid), add barium nitrate, solid white precipitate (barium sulfate) forms
Test for halide ions
(Add dilute nitric acid), then add silver nitrate. Chloride - a white precipitate of silver chloride will form Bromide - a cream (😏) precipitate of silver bromide will form Iodide - a yellow precipitate of silver iodide will form