unit 8 study guide
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What is kin selection?
Strategy where organisms increase fitness by helping relatives survive and reproduce.
Difference between taxis and kinesis?
Taxis: Directed movement toward or away from stimulus. Kinesis: Random movement changing stimulus intensity
What is phototropism
Directional plant growth
Photoperiodism
Plant response to changes in day/night length
Why are behaviors important for evolution?
Behaviors increase fitness
Examples of organsim communication
Visual Chemical Tactile Electrical Auditory signals
Endotherms vs ectotherms
Warm blooded and cold blooded
What happens when an organism has a net energy gain?
Increased growth, reproduction, energy storage
What happens with net energy loss?
Loss of mass and death.
What is an autotroph?
Organism that produces its own food
photosynthetic organisms
capture energy from the sun
Chemosynthetic organisms
Capture energy from small molecules in environment
what is a heterotroph?
An organism that consumes others to gain energy
Why are there usually 4-5 trophic levels
High energy loss
how much energy gets transferred in each level
10%
energy flow vs matter cycling
energy flows one way matter is recycled
what are the main processes in the water cycle
evaporation condensation precipitation transpiration
what are the four main parts of the carbon cycle
photosynthesis respiration decomposition combustion
what is nitrogen fixation
conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia
where is most nitrogen stored
atmosphere
how does phosphorous enter ecosystems
weathering or rocks releases phosphate
what factors determine population growth
rapid population increase without limits
what is carrying capacity
maximum population size a place can contain
what type of growth occurs with limits
logistic growth (letter shaped S)