Amines (P2+P3)
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All amines (NH2) can act as a …
base
Which is stronger Ethylamine or Ammonia?
Ethylamine because - the ethyl group releases electron density onto the N - so the lone pair on the N is more available to be protonated.
Which is stronger Phenylamine or Ammonia?
Ammonia because - the lone pair on the N of phenylamine can delocalise into the pi bond of the phenyl ring. - so is less available to accept a proton.
Give the equation for Ethylamine and Nitric acid and name the compound formed
C2H5NH2 + HNO3 –> C2H5NH3NO3 name of compound ethylammonium nitrate.
To ensure a higher yield of primary amine you would…
Use excess ammonia
What is tetramethyl ammonium chloride and example of?
quaternary ammonium salt
Uses of quaternary ammonium salt include…
• hair conditioner • fabric softener
Further substitution requires…
Excess haloalkane
What are the reagents for reduction of nitriles into amines?
Hydrogen and nickel catalyst.
What are the reagents, conditions and problems associated with nucleophilic substitution to form amines?
reagents - NH3 conditions - excess problems - further substitutions.
What are the reagents, conditions and problems associated with nitrile/reduction to form amines?
Nitriles; reagents- KCN conditions - Aq + ethanolic Reduction; reagents - H2 conditions- nickel catalyst problems - KCN is toxic + 2 steps required
To form phenylamine (NH2) from nitrobenzene (NO2) what are the reagents and conditions needed?
reagents- HCl conditions - tin catalyst
Equation for forming phenylamine from nitrobenzene
C6H5NO2 + 6[H] –> C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
Amines can be used to MAKE…
• dyes • drugs