unit 1 (earths layers)
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why is earth science different from other sciences?
it has a global perspective, and it draws from all other areas of science
what is earth science?
a branch of science dealing with the physical condition of the earth and its atmosphere
what are the 4 major branches?
geology, meteorology, astronomy, oceanography
relate ES to other fields
• biologists use palaeontology • geologists use physicists to better understand earths forces • mineralogists use chemists to better understand mineral properties
geomorphology?
study of landscape features on earth
petrology?
study of rock types
stratigraphy?
study of sedimentary layers
describe the formation of the earth using the BBT
• all matter was a dense, hot ball of gas • high pressure and temperature caused the large volume of matter to explode • matter moved out in all directions • 20 billion years ago
describe the solar nebula hypothesis
stage 1: collection of dust and gases stage 2: sun is formed and dust and gases begin to form a flattened disk stage 3: planets are formed stage 4: our current solar system
inner core?
• solid sphere • iron, nickel, magnesium • 1216kms thick
outer core
• molten liquid • iron + nickel • 2270kms thick
lower mantle
• 2885kms thick • iron • molten magma
asthenosphere
• 100-700kms down • plastic layer • weak rock
lithosphere
• 100kms thick • solid, rigid, and brittle
continental crust
low density thick granitic rock
oceanic crust
thin basaltic rock high density
MOHO
boundary that separates the lithosphere from the mantle