4 - Organic chemistry (a) Introduction
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What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only.
What is the name for hydrocarbons of increasing numbers of carbons? (Up to 6)
1 - Methane 2 - Ethane 3 - Propane 4- Butane 5 - Pentane 6 - Hexane
What is the general formula of a: 1. Alkane 2. Alkene
• CnH2n+2 • CnH2n
Is an alkane saturated or unsaturated? Why?
An alkane is saturated because it contains only single covalent bonds.
What is a homologous series? What are 3 homologous examples of the homologous series of Alkanes?
A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have similar chemical properties and have the same general formula. • All use general formula CnH2n+2 • All saturated (contain only single bonds) • Have similar chemical properties.
• What is a functional group? • What is an isomerism?
• A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties (regardless of other atoms in the molecule - e.g. Hydroxyl group -OH found in alcohols, like ethanol) • An isomerism is when two compounds have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
What is an addition reaction? What is an example?
An addition reaction is when atoms or groups of atoms are ADDED to a molecule - Involving the combination of reactants into a single products. E.g. Ethene + Hydrogen –> Ethane
What is a substitution reaction? What is an example?
A substitution reaction is when one atom or a group of atoms is REPLACED by another atom or group of atoms - Involving the combination of reactants into a single product. E.g. Hydrogen Chloride + Ethanol –> Chloroethane + Water
What is a combustion reaction? What is an example?
A combustion reaction is when a reactant is burnt, producing carbon dioxide and water. E.g. Methane + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide/Monoxide (depending on availability of oxygen) + Water