Genetics
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Why is Gregor Mendel considered to be the founder (father) of modern genetics and how do his findings along with subsequent findings by other scientists influence livestock and poultry industry today?
Through his diligent work in crossing lines of garden peas he was able to identify mathematical rules governing genetic inheritance. This led to the findings of other scientists including James Watson and Francis Crick (and Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin: who determined the structure of DNA) and others to explain the process of inheritance. Because we have an understanding of the power of genetics, we have been able to make significant gains in domesticated livestock and poultry species.
What is a chromosome?
carries genetic code
What are gametes?
male and female productive cells (sperm and egg)
What is heredity?
how traits are passed down from parent to offspring
Where is DNA found?
the nuclei
What are nucleic acids made of?
nucleotides
What are the three parts of nucleotides?
• sugar (deoxyribose) • phosphate • nitrogenous base
What are the four bases in DNA?
• adenine • thymine • cytosine • guanine
What bases of DNA pair up together?
• adenine and thymine • cytosine and guanine
What does thymine turn into when looking at RNA?
uracil
How many strands does DNA have?
2
How are DNA bases connected together?
hydrogen bonds
How are proteins involved in the body?
They are involved in: -support -structure -acting as enzymes that makes all minds of materials -protecting the body
What is gene regulation?
genes can be turned on and off
What are the two main purposes of mitosis?
growth & repair
Does mitosis create gametes?
no, that is meiosis
What is the main function of mitosis?
process where somatic cells replicate, each parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells and each is carrying a FULL chromosome
What is interphase?
resting phase between successive meiotic cell divisons, duplicating cells during this time
What comes first? mitosis/meiosis or interphase
interphase
What is the mitosis stage of division called?
PMAT
What occurs during mitosis’ prophase
the chromosomes thicken and condense
What occurs during mitosis’ metaphase?
the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and the nucleus disassembles
What happens in mitosis’ anaphase?
the chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell (the spindles are what cause them to move)
What happens in mitosis’ telophase?
the chromosomes end up on the complete opposite ends of the cell. a nuclei is formed on both sides and it surrounds the chromosomes