Joints

The region where a bone meets another bone, cartilage or teeth.

Synarthroses: Immovable joints Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints Diarthroses: Freely movable joints

Fibrous joints cartilaginous joints Synovial joints

Sutures: Rigid interlocking, immovable joints for brain protection. Syndemoses: Bones connected by ligaments Gomphoses: Peg-in-socket joints of teeth.

Bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity, not highly movable. Synchrondroses: Bar/plate of hyaline cartilage unites bone, no movement (synarthrotic) Symphyses: Fibrocartilage unites bone, strong, flexible and slightly movable.

Bones separated by fluid filled cavity. All are freely movable, includes all limb joints.

• Articular cartilage: Hyaline cartilage. • Joint cavity: fluid filled potential space. • Articular (Joint) capsule • Synovial fluid • Different types of reinforcing ligaments • Nerves and blood vessels.

Bursae: Sacs lined with synovial membrane to reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, bones, etc. rub together. Tendon sheath: Elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendon subjected to friction.

Abduction: movement away from midline Adduction: Movement toward midline

Dorsiflexion: Flex foot upward (toes point upward) Plantar flexion: Flex foot downward (Toes point down)

Only in feet. Inversion: Rotate foot inward (standing on sides of foot) Eversion: Rotate foot outward (standing on inside of foot)

Protraction: Moving mandible (Jaw) outward Retraction: Moving mandible inward

Elevation: Lifting the jaw Depression: Lowering the jaw

Movement of one digit towards the thumb.

Plane joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Condylar joints Saddle joints Ball-and-socket joints