(O) Topic 31 - Organic Synthesis
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What is the test for an alkene?
Add bromine water at room temperature, will turn colourless
Describe test for Haloalkane
Add excess ammonia to free the halide ions in a nucleophilic substiution and add Nitric acid followed by silver nitrate. AgCL = white ppt., AgBr = cream ppt., AgI = yellow ppt.
Describe the test for alcohol
Add acidified K2Cr2O7. It wall turn from orange to green with primary or secondary alcohols.
Describe the 3 tests for aldehydes
• Add blue fehlings solution and heat, will form a red ppt. of Cu+ • Add K2Cr2O7, will turn from orange to green • Add Tollens Reagent, will form a silver mirror from colourless solution
Describe the test for carboxylic acids
Add Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate, and CO2 bubbles will form
What type of reagent is acidified Potassium dicromate and what does it do?
Oxidising Agent - Oxidises primary alcohols to aldehydes & carboxylic acids. Oxidises secondary alcohols to ketones
What type of reagent is sodium tetraborate and what does it do?
Reducing agent - reduces aldehyde to a primary alcohol. Reduces ketone to a secondary alcohol
What type of reagent is Hydrogen with a nickel catalyst, and what does it do?
Reducing agent - Reduces an alkene to an alkane
What type of reagent is Tin and Hydrochloric acid and what does it do?
Reducing agent - reduces nitro group (RN-O2) to an amine group (R-NH2)
What type of reagent is concentrate sulfuric acid (180C) and what does it do?
Dehydrating agent - Converts alcohols to alkenes