Respiratory System PT1
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How does inspiration work?
Nose, nasal cavity & mouth warm, filter & moisten incoming air Travels through throat to trachea. This branches into 2 bronchi Air travels to bronchioles, lined with cilia Air travels to alveolar sacs, containing alveoli Diffusion occurs, o2 & co2 move between alveoli & red blood cells
How does the body inspire during rest?
External intercostal muscles contract gently pulling ribs up & out • The diaphragm contracts pulling itself down • Volume of chest cavity increases • Air pressure drops – gas moves from high to low
How does the body expire during rest?
External intercostal muscles & diaphragm relax • Ribs go back down & diaphragm moves up • Pushes Co2 out of lungs & into air
How does the body inspire during exercise?
External intercostal muscles & diaphragm contract more forcefully Aided by Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes & pectoralis minor Volume of chest cavity increases further Creates larger pressure gradient
How does the body expire during exercise?
External intercostal muscles relax Aided by contraction of internal intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, external obliques & rectus adbominus to more forcibly expel gases from the lungs into air
What is the definition of Tidal Volume?
Volume inspired or expired per breath Rest: 500ml Exercise: Increase 3-4 litres
What is the definition of Inspiratory Reserve Volume?
Max volume inspired following end of inspiration at rest Rest: 3100ml Exercise: Decrease
What is the definition of Expiratory Reserve Volume?
Max volume expired following end of expiration at rest Rest: 1200ml Exercise: Decrease
What is the definition of residual volume?
Volume remaining in lungs at end of maximal expiration Rest: 1200ml Exercise: Same RV = TLC - VC
What is the definition of Inspiratory Capacity?
Max volume of air inspired Rest: 3600ml Exercise: Increase IC = TV +IRV
What is the definition of vital capacity?
Max volume of air forcibly expired following max inspiration Rest: 5000ml Exercise: Slight decrease VC = IRV + TV + ERV
What is the definition of total lung capacity?
Volume of air in lungs following max inspiration Rest: 6000ml approx Exercise: Slight decrease TLC = VC + RV
What is the definition of minute ventilation?
Volume of air inspired/expired per minute Rest: 7500ml Exercise: Dramatic Increase MV = TV x Freq of breaths