1B: inorganic ions
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what is an ion? what is one w positive/negative charge called?
-atom with an electric charge -positive: cation, negative: anion
what is an inorganic ion?
-doesnt contain carbon -although some exceptions
where are inorganic ions found?
-in solution, in cytoplasm of cells + in bodily fluids of organisms -each has a specific role depending on its properties, role determines whether its found in high/low concentrations
what are the 4 main inorganic ions?
-hydrogen -iron -sodium -phosphate
iron ions?
-important part of haemoglobin- large protein that carries oxygen around body in red blood cells -4 different polypeptide chains each with iron Fe3+ in centre -Fe2+ binds to oxygen in haemoglobin -when oxygen is bound to Fe2+ temporarily becomes Fe3+ ion until oxygen released
hydrogen ions?
-determine pH -pH calculated based on concentration of H+ ions in environment -more H+ ions present the lower the pH (more acidic) -enzyme controlled reactions all affected by pH
sodium ions?
-help transport glucose + amino acids across membranes -glucose/amino acid can be transported into a cell across cell-surface membrane alongside sodium ions -> co-transport
phosphate ions?
-essential for ATP + DNA -when phosphate ion attached to another molecule = ‘phosphate group’ -DNA, RNA, ATP all contain phosphate groups -bonds between phosphate groups that store energy in ATP -phosphate groups in DNA + RNA allow nucleotides to join to form polynucleotides