Chapter 4: Introduction to Energy
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SI unit of energy
joule
What is the equation for measuring joules?
1 J = 1 N x m
What are the three main forms of energy?
kinetic, potential, and radiant energy
What is radiant energy?
the energy of electromagnetic radiation
What is electromagnetic radiation?
visible light and other phenomena, such as radio waves and x-rays, that are “colors” of light the human eye cannot see
What is energy from motion or forces that affect a whole object?
mechanical energy
nonmechanical energy is caused by what?
motion and forces at the atomic and molecular level
What principle says that “the energy lost by one object equals the energy gained by the other” and is fundamental to physical science?
law of conservation of energy
Who discovered that, under certain conditions, matter can be converted into energy and energy can be converted into matter?
Albert Einstein
What is the equation Einstein came up with to measure his discovery?
E = mcsquared
Which law says that matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can only be converted from one to another?
the law of conservation of matter and energy
What is the energy of motion?
kinetic energy
The simplest form of kinetic energy is? [ the energy of an entire object moving]
whole-body kinetic energy
The simplest form of motion is what?
translational motion
What is circular motion?
motion in a circle centered on a point outside the circle
The whole-body kinetic energy caused by translational motion
translational kinetic energy
What is the formula for translational motion?
KE = 1/2mv squared
An object in what type of motion spins or rolls around on an internal axis?
rotational motion
Increasing the mass or speed of rotation increaes what?
rotational kinetic energy
What is potential energy?
the energy associated with the position of an object and the forces acting upon it
What is the name of the natural forces that cause potential energy?
the fundamental forces
What is an attractive force between all material objects? [any object that has mass exerts this force that pulls nearby objects toward itself]
gravitational force
What is the name of the potential energy caused by gravitational force?
gravitational potential energy
What affects certain subatomic particles?
the weak nuclear force