Polymers
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What are most plastics ?
Synthetic
What are the plastics we use on a daily basis obtained from ?
Chemicals obtained from crude oil
What are polymers?
Long chain molecules made up of many small units, called monomers
What can polymers either be ?
Natural or synthetic
What do natural mean and give 2 examples of natural polymers ?
Exists in nature E.g. Starch & protein
What is meant by synthetic and give 2 examples of synthetic polymers ?
Made by the chemical industry from materials that come from crude oil (mostly from naphtha fraction) E.g. Plastics & synthetic fibres
Why are synthetic polymers being used to replace natural polymers ?
Wider range of properties such as: Flexibility Strength Water resistant Weight
What are thermoplastics ?
Polymers that can be reshaped when heated.
What are thermosetting polymers ?
Polymers that cannot be reshaped when heated
What pollution is caused by synthetic polymers ? Give 3 examples
Most are non-biodegradable Produce polluting gases when burn. E.g carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide .
What does addition polymerisation do ?
Uses unsaturated monomers Breaks C=C double bonds to join molecules.
What does condensation polymerisation do ?
Uses monomers with two functional groups each : carboxyl hydroxyl amine Water is also made in the process
What are addition polymers made from ?
Small unsaturated molecules produced by cracking
What is the name of these addition polymers : ethene Propene
Polyethene Polypropene
What are polymers structures made up of ?
Repeating patterns called repeating units
How do we find the monomer of a polymer ?
Put a double bond between the carbons in the repeating unit
What are condensation polymers made from ?
Monomers with 2 functional groups per molecule
What is the hydroxyl group
OH
What is the carboxyl group ?
COOH
What is the amine group ?
NH2
What does a diol have ?
2 hydroxyl groups
What does a diacid have ?
2 carboxyl groups
What does a diamine have ?
2 amine groups
How are polyester made ?
When diols and diacids react