Metals
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Are metals good or bad conductors of heat?
Good
Are metals good or bad conductors of electricity?
Good
Are metals usually light or heavy?
Heavy
Describe the reaction of lithium in water
Lithium floats and moves on the surface, then fizzes and dissolves. Universal indicator turns blue
Describe the reaction of sodium in water
Sodium floats and moves on surface, then dissolves and melts into a ball. Universal indicator turns blue
Describe the reaction of potassium in water
Potassium fizzes, floats and moves on surface. Lilac flame, spits then dissolves. Universal indicator turns blue
Group 1 elements react with water to form what type of solution?
Alkaline
What name are group 1 elements referred to?
Alkali metals
Why do group 1 elements form an alkali solution?
Because one of the products is the metal hydroxides which have pH values higher than 7 when dissolving in water and hydrogen gas is produced
What are the word equations for lithium, sodium and potassium reacting with water?
Lithium + Water → Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen Potassium + Water → Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
Explain the reactivity series from most to least reactive
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Lead Hydrogen (Copper, Silver, Gold - Are not reactive)
Copper, Silver and Gold do not react with acids, why?
They are below hydrogen in the reactivity series and hydrogen is present in all acids
What are the word equations for magnesium reacting with hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids?
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid → Magnesium chloride + hydrogen Magnesium + sulfuric acid → Magnesium sulfate + hydrogen Magnesium + nitric acid → Magnesium nitrate + hydrogen
What is the acid formulae for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What is the acid formulae for sulfuric acid?
H₂SO₄
What is the acid formulae for nitric acid?
HNO₃
What are displacement reactions?
When a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal from its compound E.g. Aluminium + iron oxide (Aluminium is more reactive than iron, changes) ↓ Aluminium + iron oxide → Aluminium oxide + iron
Complete the reactions: 1. Zinc oxide + Calcium → ? 2. Magnesium sulfate + Zinc → ? 3. Calcium + Copper nitrate → ?
• Calcium oxide + Zinc • No reaction (Magnesium sulfate + Zinc) • Calcium nitrate + Copper
T/F: Alkali metals are stored under oil because they react quickly with oxygen
True
T/F: Alkali metals all react with water to produce a metal oxide and hydrogen
False - Produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen
What is the difference between rusting and corosion?
Rusting - Occurs only with iron and it is a specific type of corrosion. Water and oxygen must be present Corrosion - Occurs with all metals, deterioration of the metal through a reaction with oxygen
What is the word equation for rusting?
Iron + Water + Oxygen → Hydrated iron (III) oxide
What are methods to prevent rusting?
Physical Barrier, Sacrificial Protection, Galvanising
Explain the process of Physical Barrier
Other products applied on iron to prevent rusting