respiratory system review

Entire body is the respiratory surface Have long, flat body Body is moist

Gills - folds in the body surface specialized for gas exchange Water flows over gills and gas exchange occurs

Tubes (tracheae) extend through body and branch into smaller tubes (tracheoles) Air enters and leave through body surfaces

Terrestrial organisms Internal, thin sacs for gas exchange

Thin, moist membrane Large surface area Diffusion gradient is maintained

Lined with cilia and mucus Cleans, warms and moistens air coming in

Back of nasal cavity/air and food pass through here Brings air to trachea

Vocal cords, made of cartilage Vocal cords vibrate producing sound

Two branches off the trachea Lined with cartilage Branch off into bronchioles Cilia Brings air to lungs

Tube lined with cartilage, cilia and goblet cells From pharynx to bronchi Brings air to bronchi cilia - clean air - goblet cells secrete mucus

Small branches off the bronchi Lined with smooth muscle to control the size of the opening Cilia Brings air to alveoli

Air sacs that form grape like clusters. Provides large surface area for gas exchange Oxygen to blood and carbon dioxide to alveoli

Large, dome shaped muscle under the lungs Contract for inhalation Relax for exhalation

works with diaphragm, between the ribs and help us breathe. They pull the ribs out and up to breathe in and relax to breathe out.

Oxygen in the air dissolves in moist surface of alveoli Oxygen then diffuses from alveoli to red blood cells in capillaries lining the alveoli Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the red blood cells into the alveoli Gases are transported within the red blood cells through the blood vessels to and from the cells of your body

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract Chest cavity and lung capacity increases Air pressure decreases THEREFORE - air rushes into system all the way to the alveoli

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax Lung volume and chest cavity decrease Air pressure increases THEREFORE - air rushes out of system and you exhale