Endocrine System
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What is the function of the endocrine system?
Consists of multiple organs that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to control body processes and maintain homeostasis
What are the 2 main classes of hormones?
Peptide and steroid hormones
What are the characteristics of peptide hormones?
Water soluble and can bind to receptors on the surface of target cells -induce a signaling cascade that leads to a rapid, but short lived response
What are the characteristics of steroid hormones?
Fat soluble and can pass freely through the plasma membrane and bind to receptors inside the cell -induce changes in cellular gene expression (long lasting)
What two response loops maintain homeostasis ?
Positive feedback loop: response to a deviation that leads to a larger response negative feedback loop (most common): response to deviation that the end product leads to the production of less product
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
(Master regulatory gland) Link between nervous system and endocrine system by releasing hormones that control other endocrine glands in response to different stimuli
Which two hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland?(functions)
Oxytocin: stimulates uterine contractions during labor Vasopressin (ADH): induces water reabsorption in the kidney
What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Lutenizing Hormone (LH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH) Prolactin Endorphins Growth hormone
What are direct hormones?
Stimulate a response directly at a target organ -PEG
What are tropic hormones?
Induce hormone release by other glands -(FLAT)
What is the function of Follicle stimulating hormones?
In females: induces the maturation of ovarian follicle In males: stimulates spermatogenesis
WHat is the function of Lutenizing Hormone? (LH)
In females: induces ovulation Males: stimulates testosterone production
What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormones? (ACTH)
Stimulate the adrenal glands to release hormones
What is the function of thyroid-stimulating hormone? (TSH)
Stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones
What is the function of prolactin?
Induces milk production at the mammary glands in females
What is the function of endorphins?
Inhibits the perception of pain
What is the function of growth hormones?
Induces growth of the body and increases metabolic rate
Where is the pineal gland located and what hormone does it secrete?
Location:center of the brain Hormone: melatonin
What is the function of melatonin?
Regulates sleep cycles -governed by light-dark cycles
The parathyroid gland releases what kind of hormone?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
Released in response to low blood calcium -induces breakdown of bone to increase blood calcium levels
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
Absorbs iodine Produces thyroid hormones (T3, T4) when stimulated by TSH Releases calcitonin
What is the function of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4?
Regulate metabolic rate
What is the function of calcitonin?
Responds to high blood calcium levels and induces the storage of calcium in bone (reduces blood calcium)