Exercise 18: The Respiratory System
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Enumerate the 4 types of respiratory organs.
• lungs • tracheary system • gills • integument
Identify the 4 conditions for efficient gas exchange.
• high surface area • high permeability • contact with oxygen-rich medium • exposure to blood circulation or tissues
Identify the characteristics of animals which breathe through simple gas diffusion.
• thin, permeable, and highly vascularized integument • high body volume to surface area ratio
Complete the sentence below: The tracheal system is derived from the _______________.
invaginations of the integument
Identify a specimen which possesses a tracheary system.
Pediculus humanis capitis (human head louse)
Are openings of the tracheary system.
spiracles
Are the tubes connected to the spiracles.
trachea
Are the largest tracheae which run longitudinally at the sides of the animal.
tracheal trunks
Are in direct contact with the tissues.
tracheoles
It is a bony flap found anterior to the pectoral fins which protects the gills.
operculum
It is a chamber continuous with the buccal cavity.
gill chamber
Are thin, elongated extensions of the gills.
gill filaments
It is where the gill filaments are attached.
gill arches
TRUE or FALSE: The gill filaments house dense networks of capillaries.
True
Are spaces between the gill arches.
pharyngeal clefts
Are found on the inner surface of the gill arches.
gill rakers
Complete the sentence below: The lungs are derived from the _______________.
inner walls of the digestive tract
Are paired anterior openings on the roof of the buccal cavity.
internal nares (choanae)
Where are the Eustachian tube openings located?
angles of the jaw
Are slit-like openings found ventral to the Eustachian tube openings.
openings to the vocal sacs
It is a slit-like opening on the ventral midline of the buccal cavity.
glottis
Identify the 2 cartilages surrounding the glottis.
• arytenoids • cricoid
Are paired thin flaps of connective tissue housed by the larynx.
vocal cords
TRUE or FALSE: Each vocal cord is associated with an arytenoid cartilage.
True