9.3 Polymers
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Polymers
Substances of high relative molecular mass made by joining up lots of monomers
What is significant about the monomers that make up addition polymers
They have a double covalent bond
Addition polymerisation
Lots of unsaturated monomer molecules open up their double bonds to form polymer chains
How to write the name of polymers
Poly(monomer it is made of)
Formula of a polymer
(monomer formula)n
What is significant about the monomers in condensation polymers
They have at least two functional groups- one on each end of the molecule
Condensation polymerisation
When the functional groups of different monomers react together to form chains of alternating monomers
In addition to a polymer- what else is made during condensation polymerisation
A small molecule is lost for each new bond that forms
How do polyesters form
When dicarbolyxic acid and diol monomers react together
Dicarbolyxic acid monomer
Has two carbolyxic acid functional groups
Diol monomer
Has two alchohol functional groups
Ester link
What is formed when the carbolyxic acid group reacts with the alcohol group
Polyester formation equation
(Dicarbolyxic acid monomer)n + (Diol monomer)n -> (polyester)n + 2nH2O
Explain how water is lost during the condensation polymerisation of a polyester
Each time an ester link is formed a molecule of water is lost
Name some naturally occurring polymers
-DNA -Proteins -Carbohydrates
Monomers in DNA
Nucleotides
Monomers in proteins
Amino acids
How are proteins created
Condensation polymerisation
Uses of proteins
Enzymes
Carbohydrates
Molecules containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen used by living things to produce energy
Monomers in carbohydrates
Sugars
Plastics
A type of polymer made from crude oil
Explain the economic problem behind crude oil
It is a finite resource so as we use up more of it, it will become more expensive, increasing the price of products using crude oil
How to fix the crude oil problem
Recyling our polymers