13 November: Antibiotic Resistance pt. 3
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Transposition Recap
Copying segment of DNA inserting into location IS IN THE SAME CELL, ONLY INVOLVES ONE CELL
Transposase
Like integrase
Transposable elements
Insertion sequence + complex transposons
Insertion sequence
Involves inverted repeats with transposase in the middle
Transposons and Plasmids
Transposons can move into another cell through plasmids (carrying a antibiotic resistant gene)
Inverted Repeats (IR)
Taking a DNA sequence on one end and flipping it 180 on the other end
Complex Transposons
When two pieces of insertion sequence comes together, and in the middle of the two is a gene for antibiotic resistance
Why would a cell carry out transposition?
It is a survival mechanism for a cell
Gene Transfer
Plasmid transferred to several resistance, which then acquires resistance from donor
Mutation
Spontaneous mutation results in resistance, and subsequent generations acquire resistance from parent
R Plasmids
Plasmids that carry genes for resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs OR to heavy metals
Bacteriophage
Kills bacteria
What happens if an infection is caused by a resistant strain?
A patient is more likely to die
If a patient survives an infection caused by a resistant strain, what happens?
• Longer hospital stays • Longer recuperations • Long-term disability
Four core actions to deal with drug resistance
• Preventing infections from occurring and prevents resistant bacteria from spreading (washing hands, vaccinations, cover wounds, etc.) • Tracking resistant bacteria • Improving the use of antibiotics (finish prescriptions, don’t share prescriptions, limit OTC access, use proper dosage, use only when necessary) • Promoting development of new antibiotics and new diagnostic tests for resistant bacteria