Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is the internal energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and/or molecules. The atoms and/or molecules of a hotter object have greater kinetic energy than those of a colder one, in the form of vibrational, rotational, or, in the case of a gas, translational motion.

the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch

Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems.

of or denoting a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212° under standard conditions.

of or denoting a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° under standard conditions.

the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, equal in magnitude to the degree Celsius.

the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.

the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.

the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.

firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid

a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil.

a substance or matter in a state in which it will expand freely to fill the whole of a container, having no fixed shape (unlike a solid) and no fixed volume (unlike a liquid)

a material or device that conducts or transmits heat, electricity, or sound, especially when regarded in terms of its capacity to do this

a substance which does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound

a principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form to another.

In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma