2.1 Atomic Sructure And Isotopes
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What is the nuclear model of an atom?
Atom contains a nucleus in the centre with 2 types of subatomic particles - protons and neutrons Around the outside, there are shells containing electrons
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
Protons Neutrons Electrons
Relative mass and charges of protons
Mass: 1 Charge: +1
Relative mass and charges of neutrons
Mass: 1 Charge: 0
Relative mass and charge of electrons
Mass: 1/1836 Charge: -1
Where is the mass concentrated in an atom?
The nucleus
What is the charge of an atom? Why?
An atom is neutral Contains the same number of positive protons and negative electrons
What affects the number of neutrons?
The size of nucleus As nucleus gets larger, the neutrons increase
What identifies an element?
The number of protons
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom
What is mass number?
Number of protons and neutrons in an atom
What is an isotope?
An isotope of an element has the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
Letter that shows mass number
A
Letter that shows atomic number
Z
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
They have the same number of electrons in the outer shell, which is what affects the reactivity
Why can isotopes have different physical properties?
Isotopes can be slightly heavier, so boiling/melting points and density can be different
What are cations?
Positive ions formed by loss of electrons
What are anions?
Negative ions formed by gain of electrons